Studia Kinanthropologica - Latest articles
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The effect of the Buteyko method on resting spirometry in an active population
T. Loosová, E. Vrzalová, & L. Počtová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2025, 26(1):23-30 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.005 
Buteyko method is well-known for its techniques of conscious breath control, which focus on improving respiratory system function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Buteyko method on resting spirometry in an active population. Participants in the study were students of the University of South Bohemia (n = 22, age = 23.23 ± 2.39 years; weight = 73.23 ± 12.33 kg; height = 174.72 ± 9.76 cm), who were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 11) or control (n = 11) group. The intervention group underwent a six-week breathing exercise program based on the Buteyko method, which included reduced breathing and breath-holding...
Body height development and other trends in elite tennis from 2003 to 2023
J. Carboch, & A. Vašíčková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2025, 26(1):15-22 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.004
The aim of this study is to investigate the developmental trends of selected somatic factors in elite male and female tennis players over the period from 2003 to 2023. The research sample consisted of players who were ranked in the Top 20 of the ATP and WTA rankings, and the analysis focused on body height, weight, and BMI. The results showed that between 2003 and 2023, the mean body height of male players increased by 5 cm, while the height of female players rose only slightly. In men, no trend of increasing body weight was observed, and in recent years, weight has even decreased. A decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) was also observed, suggesting that...
The toss of successful and unsuccessful flat serves of female tennis players
J. Carboch, & D. Hrychová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2025, 26(1):7-13 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.003
The flat serve reaches the highest speeds. To execute it successfully, the key is to toss the ball correctly and hit it. The aim is to determine the relationship between the toss and the success of the flat serve in female tennis players. We observed 8 competitive female adult tennis players who served 40 flat serves each. They were videotaped on a high-speed camera (200Hz) from the side view. On the basis of 2D kinematic analysis, we evaluated the racket-ball impact during 1) successful serves 2) serves into the net 3) serves fault–long 4) serves fault–wide. Using repeated measures ANOVA, the results showed that the toss peak was significantly...
Block and variable skills training in school physical education
R. Peřinová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2025, 26(1):31-37 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.006
The aim of the study was to determine whether variable practice is feasible in a mainstream school setting and whether our research population, consisting of a school classroom, would lead to a higher rate of skill retention compared to block practice. The study was based on previous research focusing on the influence of contextual interference, but it took a new didactical perspective on this issue in the context of a standard Czech school environment. Thirty-eight sixth grade elementary school pupils participated in the research investigation. The effectiveness of block and variable drills in the acquisition of three specific movement skills was...
Postural stability in basic shooting stance with and without Skeet shotgun
J. Broďáni, M. Guzman, M. Czaková, & N. Molnárová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):129-137 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.002
In this work, we point out the level and interactions of postural stability (PS) with the sports performance of shooters (SP) in the Skeet discipline. 86 men and 20 women participated in the research. Active sports shooters ranged in age from 12 to 45 years old from Slovakia. We determinedPS in the ready shooting position with and without a weapon using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). The sporting performances of the shooters were recorded from the system of the Slovak Shooting Association. PS level was characterized by descriptive statistics. The differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg, or with a weapon and without a weapon...
Infradian specificities of haematological variation in female athletes
M. Pupiš, H. Burzalová, Z. Pupišová, & K. Bako
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):157-162 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.013
The aim of the present research was to define the infradian peculiarities of hematological variation in female athletes. The research was conducted in the form of a case study on four female endurance elite athletes (18-24 years old). Each female athlete underwent 4-5 tests, which were performed on each of them individually according to the phases of the menstrual cycle. The testing was carried out chronologically in the following time sequence: T1 10-8 days before menstruation (hereafter M), T2 4-3 days before M, T3 during M, T4 1-2 days after M, T5 9-10 days after M. All testing was carried out under the same conditions and according to the WADA...
Teaching basketball from the perspective of men and women physical and sport education teachers in upper primary schools in eastern Slovakia
B. Beťák, J. Popelka, & L. Opáth
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):121-127 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2025.001
The authors of the study used a questionnaire to find out whether there are significant differences in teachers’ views on teaching basketball from a point of view of gender differences. The sample consisted of 450 physical and sport education teachers (274 men and 176 women) who teach in 17 districts in eastern Slovakia, in upper primary schools. Significant differences at the p<0.01 level were found in the popularity of teaching basketball. While for 20.45% of women, basketball is the second most popular taught sport after volleyball (39.77%), for 13.14% of men, basketball is the fourth most popular taught sport after football (40.51%), volleyball...
Pedagogical practices within the study of physical education at the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice
V. Kursová, & T. Tlustý
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):139-148 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.014
Teaching practice plays a crucial role in the preparation of future physical education teachers. It enables students to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during their studies directly in practical settings, facilitating the acquisition and development of professional competences. Additionally, it enhances social and communication skills, which are essential for success in the teaching profession, all under the guidance of experienced educators. The aim of this paper is to present and analysis the concept of field practice at the Department of Physical Education and Sport at the Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia České Budějovice.We...
The influence of strength-conditioning training on changes in the functional movement screen score of triathletes
K. Bako, & V. Franek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):113-120 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.011
The rivalry of triathletes and the effort to push their performance limits forces them to think through their entire preparation in detail, to use time efficiently, to prepare their bodies not only for maximum performance, but also to analyse the occurrence of possible injuries. For this reason, itis necessary to include triathlon diagnostics in the training process which serves as feedback for the triathlete and the coach on how they train and at what performance level they are. Based on this knowledge, the study verifies the impact of strength-endurance training on scorechanges of Functional Movement Screen of triathletes.The research...
Preferences of physical education teachers in teaching winter seasonal physical activities
J. Michal, & S. Straňavská
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(3):149-155 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.012
The aim of the study was to investigate and highlight the preferences of physical and sport education teachers in teaching winter seasonal physical activities. The survey involved 653 primary school teachers who annually participate in teaching winter seasonal physical activities. To obtain the necessary information, we used a custom-designed questionnaire for primary school teachers, focusing on questions related to favourite winter sports, preferred forms of organizing winter seasonal physical activities, and materials used during these activities. Through statistical analysis (Chi-square), we found a gender difference in the preferred form of participation...
Single-leg and both leg jump testing for performance sports gymnasts
G. Bago, & J. Kojan
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(2):67-72 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.009
This article deals with the comparison of jumps of the left and right lower limbs, the muscles of both lower limbs and subsequently their correlation, both in terms of jump and in terms of the amount of muscle mass. Subsequently, the laterality of the lower limbs is also assessed. The average age of probands is 8.58 years ± 1.88 years, the average height is 132.3 cm ± 11.4 cm with an average weight of 28.17 kg ± 11.93 kg. They are tested on a one-time test on the Tanita tread weight, which analyzes their percentage of fat, body water and diagnoses their segmental distribution of muscle mass. Furthermore, the probands are tested in the...
The effect of acute and intermittent hypoxia on the performance of swimmers
Z. Pupišová, M. Pupiš, & N. Schneiderová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(2):81-89 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.015
The main objective of the research was to determine the impact of different forms of hypoxia (acute and intermittent) on the performance of performance swimmers. We realised pre and post-tests in 50-meter freestyle swimming speed (T1), counted the number of breaths taken during 50-meter freestyle swimming (T2), and measured the maximum underwater distance covered in one breath (T3). The study was conducted on a sample of n = 12 performance swimmers (4 females and 8 males), with the average age of 15.75 years, average body weight of 56.2 kg, and average body height of 172.5 cm. The testing was preceded by a 10-minute warm-up and a 400-meter swim using...
Teaching winter sports in primary schools through innovative teaching materials
J. Michal, M. Nemec, Š. Adamčák, & S. Straňavská
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(2):73-79 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.016
The aim of the study is to provide information on how primary school teachers perceive the quality, conditions and possibilities of professional education in the field of winter sports teaching. We focused our findings on a sample of 229 respondents in order to obtain an answer to the questions, in particular, whether the opinions of men and women differ regarding the need for professional education for teaching winter sports and what is their demand for a possible innovation of teaching materials for teaching winter sports. Through statistical analysis (Chi-square), we found that there is a significant difference in the approach to this field between...
Comparing and contrasting traditional and innovative muscular fitness testing
P. Schlegel, R. Dostálová, A. Křehký, & A. Agricola
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(2):91-100 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.010
Muscular fitness is a key component of health, and its accurate assessment is crucial. Due to developments in the field of fitness, there is an increasing need to explore new testing methods tailored to specific conditions and demographic groups. This pilot study focuses on the correlation between traditional and innovative muscular fitness tests, emphasizing their substitutability in a healthy adult population. The study compares established tests such as handgrip strength, push-ups, sit-ups, and standing long jump with innovative tests, specifically dynamometry for assessing the back and legs, squats, and medicine ball throws. The research sample...
Did cross-country skiers return to participate in Czech ski marathons after COVID-19? (Analysis of the participation of Czech athletes in selected classic technique ski marathons in the Czech Republic over the period 2014–2023)
J. Suchý, & K. Vaňousová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(1):25-37 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.007
The main goal of this article is the retrospective analysis of the Czech participation at six selected Czech cross-country marathons in classic technique in the period 2014-2023. The aim of the study was to find out, how the participation of these races has developed.We concluded that it is not possible to clearly state how participation is developing, due to the cancellation of some races. The results of our analysis show that participation of men is clearly higher than participation of women. The category with the largest number of participants is under the age of 49. Total participation in six selected races has not developed in parallel.
The relationship between physical abilities and mathematical skills of professional soldiers
P. Melek, P. Žiška, & R. Markovič
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(1):7-13 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.008
There is a lot of evidence for the association between physical activity and academic results. This study is focused on the professional soldiers and the relationship between their physical ability and mathematical skills.Authors collected professional soldiers ratings (A-Fx by ECTS grading scale) from the subjects Physical education and sport (A) and Mathematics (B). Sample group conteines Armed Forces Academy cadets (professional soldiers): n - 316, average age 18,9 ± 3, data extraction in each January from year 2022 to 2024).Soldiers ratings were divided to 6 groups by achieved rating. From 1 = best results to 6 = insufficient results....
Involvement of hamstrings in setting by junior-age beachvolleyball players
T. Polívka, L. Lebrušková, & J. Ševcovic
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(1):15-23 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.006
One of the main playing activities of an individual that depends on the success or failure of a team is setting. The setting is characterised by the action as the beating of a ball after a pass to the attacker. One of the main muscle groups that are important to beachvolleyball players is hamstrings. Hamstrings help with lower leg flexion in the knee and help with lower leg extension in the hip joint. The study aims to assess hamstring activity in selected gaming activity. We assume that the involvement of the right and left sides in the setting at the bottom and in the setting at the top will be the same.The main method used for data collection...
History of tourism in Šumava from the 80s of the 19th century to 1938
J. Štumbauer
Studia Kinanthropologica 2024, 25(1):39-53 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.005
This study focuses on the history of tourism in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) and its Foothills, which constitute the largest mountain range in the Czech Republic. In terms of time, it covers a relatively long period from the 1880s to the occupation of the Czechoslovak borderlands in the autumn of 1938. In most parts of this region, until the end of World War II, the German population predominated. Nevertheless, there was no significant German-specific tourist association established here. After the formation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, there was a significant influence from the Czechoslovak Tourist Club. This message focuses on organized and spontaneous...
Self-talk and its application to competitive swimming
O. Zach
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(2-3):67-75 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.004
Competitive swimming is a discipline that requires full focus and concentration to achieve peak performance. Athletes use various psychological strategies to achieve their full concentration. One of these strategies is self-talk, which has gained more popularity in recent years. Self-talk may be divided such as internal and external self-talk. Long-term self-talk is proven to be the most effective compared with short-term self-talk. Competitive swimmers can create their scripts with their selection of self-talk cues that they have evaluated with their coach as those that need to be improved. Self-talk can help competitive swimmers improve their starting...
Benefits of sport participation for athletes with intellectual impairment
L. Francová, K. Mrštinová, I. Růžička
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(2-3):51-58 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.003
Sports opportunities focused on athletes with intellectual disabilities are undergoing development. The athletic preparation of individuals with intellectual disabilities has its specificities, often requiring a special approach, assistance, and support. In many cases, one or both parents become coaches or accompany their disabled child to sports events. This creates a space not only for necessary support, understanding and development but also for exceptional moments of shared experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives and benefits of sports from the viewpoint of parents. The chosen research method was interviews with parents...
The relative age effect in Czech orienteering runners
A. Agricola, M. Poloprutská, I. Růžička
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(2-3):43-49 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.002
The Relative Age Effect (RAE) is a phenomenon that strongly affects the sports development of youth. RAE refers to the disproportionately high percentage of athletes born at the beginning of the calendar (selection) year in sports selections. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies related to this issue, even in less popular sports. The number of studies in these sports is often insufficient, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the RAE issue. The aim of the presented study was to determine the presence of RAE among the top orienteering male and female athletes (n = 469) in the categories of pupils, juniors, and youth (age...
Muscle imbalance and hypermobility in figure skaters of younger school age
E. N. Nowická
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(2-3):59-65 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2024.001
Figure skating is a very demanding sport both physically and mentally. The coach should take care to limit the possible risks of the sport and prevent injuries. The main objective of this study was to try to show that young figure skaters aged 7 to 12 years experience muscle imbalances due to four years of regular training. The study population consisted of 7 female figure skaters of younger school age from HC Tábor. The basic characteristics of the participants were the category of the youngest and younger schoolchildren (age = 8.71 ± 1.10, height = 135.5 ± 6.8 cm, weight = 32 ± 6.9 kg). Both Dostalova and Horkel tests were used to...
Statistical comparison of Czech and Danish football leagues: market value, age, and nationality of players
M. Tomíček, N. Pelloneová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(1):19-29 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2023.009
Football is one of the most popular sports disciplines and the use of statistical methods to analyze sports data is of great interest not only to coaches but also to researchers. Football clubs mainly use the services of specialized companies for data analysis. With the use of statistical analysis, it is possible to find out interesting information and relationships that are not possible by simply observing the game or the players. There is a great interest in sports data analysis among football clubs. The aim of this paper is to use statistical analysis to compare two professional European football competitions and to identify their main similarities...
Indicators of game performance and strategy at the women’s elite squash level
J. Carboch, P. Dušek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(1):7-12 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2023.010
In squash, various strategic and tactical situations arise where the player has to decide how to react and what type of shot to choose. The rally pace is not established in squash. The aim is to find out the game characteristics and rally pace in elite-level women’s squash matches at Professional Squash Association tournaments.We watched video recordings of women’s matches at the elite level of squash. In total, we analysed 10014 shots in 11 matches. The average number of shots in the women’s matches was 12.4 ± 2.5, and the tally pace reached 1.39 ± 0.05 s. There was no statistical significance between winners and losers...
Significance of gender and basic motor competences of 4-5 year old children
B. Stupák
Studia Kinanthropologica 2023, 24(1):13-18 | DOI: 10.32725/sk.2023.008
The paper presents statistical dependencies and the existence of differences in individual motor competences between girls and boys in a given age category. The research population consists of 4-5 year old children from seven kindergartens. Out of a total of probands (n = 187), there are 86 ♀ (46 five-year-olds and 40 four-year-olds) and 101 ♂ (56 five-year-olds and 45 four-year-olds). The partial ambition of the paper is to elucidate the possibilities of testing and its application in the educational practice of kindergarten teachers in the context of the new curriculum model. Adequate descriptive statistical characteristics are used to...