Studia Kinanthropologica, 2012 (vol. 13), issue 3
Comparison of the timing of choosed muscles participating on the fencing lunge in elite fencers and fencers of lower performance level
Š. Balkó, M. Jelínek, I. Kratochvílová, H. Týnková, J. Hendl
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):160-165 
The purpose of the present study was comparison of muscle coordination and timing of muscles participating in the fencing lunge between the group of elite fencers and fencers of lower performance level. The participants were formed by members of Czech fencing representatives who are engaged in this discipline an average of 13,8 years and fencers of lower performance level who are in this event an average of 3,8 years. Due to long training process of elite fencers we anticipated coherence in movement pattern during realization of this motor task. The visual stimulation for the initation of fencing lunge was used Fitrosword equipment. After lit red LED...
Results analysis of elite cross country skiers depend on their age
A. Boudíková, J. Suchý
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):166-171
The aim of this study is results analysis of elite cross country skiers in general evaluation of World Cups (WC) and individual races of WC twenty years ago. The best results in global evaluation of WC were extended by men about 29 years old and by women 29 - 31. Men 25 - 31 years old and women 23 - 35 took a place to 20th place in WC. Average age of top performance in individual races resembles in both groups - men and women, age of top performance men of sprint (26,9) to 50km race (29,8), age of top performance women of sprint (26,8) to 30km race (29,5). Average age of top performance of racers, who won 50km (men) and 30km (women), is quite same...
Comparison of pelvis muscle imbalances and pelvis position of middle school aged pupils practising and non-practising karate
E. Buchtelová, K. Hrach, M. Jelínek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):172-179
The aim of this study was to compare the difference in the position of the pelvis due to muscle imbalances resulting in a group of children aged 11-13 years from sports clubs to focus on karate, with a control group of children of the same age. The study concentrated on somatometric measurement characteristics and body composition (% BF) of children in middle school age, examination manual medicine techniques to determine the position of the pelvis and lumbar lordosis (Lewit, 2003). The main method used was a 3D motion analysis to determine the range of motion of the pelvis from the maximum to the maximum retroversion anteversion. There were evaluated...
Walking like a tool for overweight and obesity influence
V. Bunc, M. Skalská
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):180-185
This study summarizes the possibilities of walking as a toll influencing health, fitness, body composition and well-being and other psychological variables. Following the intervention program lasting 5 months with a 1000 kcal energy intensity in senior women, 1500 kcal in middle-aged men and 2000 kcal for children composed of at least 85% walking, pointing to significant changes in fitness and body composition parameters. Fitness that was characterized by maximal oxygen uptake was improved from 13% (in senior women and obese children) to 17% (middle age men). Similarly was altered the motor performance - maximal speed of walking on the treadmill about...
Comparison of the set position of the Czech male and female sprinters
J. Feher, A. Kaplan
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):186-192
The study analyzed and comparison of the set position of the Czech male and female sprinters which results of many studies. The subject of the study was 24 participants of 200 m and 400 m (12 female and 12 male) of the 2012 Czech Indoor Athletics Championships. In this study, the set position and setting of the starting blocks were analyzed. The analysis of the start was performed with high-speed camera Casio. The study was made using a frequency of 240 frames / second. Videotape was analyzed by the computer software Dartfish. Secondary aim of this study is to inform about the right set position and setting of the starting blocks. Czech athletes should...
Impact of training program on skills of children with intellectual disabilities and intact population
L. Francová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):193-204
The project objective was to determine changes in motor and social indicators of participants in table tennis training program lasting 10 months. The project also compared mutual skill level between two different files. Methods: The research consisted from a set of beginners with intellectual disabilities and a set of beginner form intact population. Both sets were defined by age 9-11 years. For the project pretest-posttest method was used. Motor indicators were determined by testing of individual table tennis skills. Social indicators were measured by Scale for Assessing Coping Skills. Results: Within the project we transformed from English into Czech...
The social physique anxiety scale: multi-sample analysis of factor structure in Czech population
I. Harbichová, M. Komarc
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):205-210
The translated Czech version of Social physique anxiety scale (SPAS) was originally validated in a sample of university students participating in variety of sports (viz. Harbichová, 2009). According to Motl and Conroy (2001) however, the structure of SPAS should be evaluated across samples of individuals differing in physical fitness and activity levels. In this study we examined the factorial invariance of SPAS across two samples of university students differing in frequency of participating in physical activities. Using structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) we identified invariance of factor structure, factor loadings, item...
Current concept of kick double poling
R. Horyna, D. Finková, B. Kračmar
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):211-217
The aim of this study is spatial-temporal analysis of node points and kinetic phases of the kick double poling of selected competitors at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Liberec 2009 and deduction of current concept of this technique. In this case study we used the kinematographic method for the analysis of the kick double poling of selected competitors. We analyzed the video of the 15-km classic technique. For the analysis we used the software APAS. We characterized current concept of kick double poling technique, because selected competitors were relatively homogeneous set. By double poling we found flexion-extension pattern in elbow, hip...
The kinesiogy analysis of skating on roller skies and on nordic blade
M. Chrástková, R. Bačáková, D. Špulák, R. Čmejka, B. Kračmar
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):218-225
The moving on skies is very old human locomotion on the snow. It became very popular winter and Olympic sport in n the last century, so it enjoys from big boom among the public in this time. New cross country skiing technique - skating has been developing very dynamically from the eighties years 20th century. Trainers and racers find a new specific means for summer training. These are the roller skies, possibly nordic blade. This presented study deals with comparison between skating on roller skies and on nordic blade. We studied tree base styles of skating: V-2 on right and left side and V-1 with surface electromyography. Then we found the beginnings...
Testing of maximum heart rate in the swimming flume
D. Jurák, T. Hubička, L. Zahálková, B. Chrzanowská
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):226-233
The aim of this study was to propose a way of testing the maximum HR in the pool with counter current (flume). To obtain relevant data, we modified the methodology used for testing maximum HR on land. A sample of probands was chosen from students and teachers of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University who are former or still active swimmers. A sporttester was used to detect a heart rate. Data processing was made by Polar Precision Performance program. After completing the test, we checked the collection of blood lactate. Each proband warmed up on his individual submaximal speed which we determined using the CSS test. The analysis...
Influence of effectivity to skating speed in ice hockey
M. Jurica
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):234-239
The article is focused on the topic of forward skating in Ice Hockey. The main attention is paid on enlarging information in the field of influence of kinematic parameters to speed skating. The objective of the study was to compare forward skating efficiency in between high calibre skaters and low calibre skaters. We chose 8 fastest and 8 slowest skaters from the group of 40 in age of 12 years old. We took a video of each skater on the skating treadmill and used video analyse software to measure their efficiency of ten skating strides. Average time of 10 skating cycles was 15,83s at the group with the fastest skaters and 13,00s at the group of slowest...
Individual satisfaction with body weight and the use of diets
V. Kukačka, R. Kokeš, J. Schuster
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):240-247
The aim of work it was to compare two student's files of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice from the year 2008 and from 2010 in monitored indicators.The file from the year 2008 (n=1074) was presented by students, who attend some of physical education forms. The file from the year 2010 (n=1074) consisted from the representative so fall faculties, where these faculties USB were adequately represented by the number of students. The questionnaire research was focused on subjective evaluation of satisfaction with individual body weight, applying diets in order to lose weight. There search established, that students, who attend some of physical...
The influence of physical activity on shaping the targeted habit of correct posture
R. Malátová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):248-254
Problems with vertebral column and low back pain are now considered as civilization disease. For physiological posture is very important correct stabilisation of the spine. Muscles of the deep stabilization spine system (DSSS) form an integrated functional unit and only a single muscle dysfunction causes dysfunction of the whole system. For the non-invasive examination muscles condition of the DSSS was prepared muscles dynamometer (MD), which is still upgraded. Currently is completed its third version. The aim of the work was to determine the status of the DSSS by the diaphragm test and measurement of MD. Provide the basis examination - input measurement....
Performance evaluation of stability of selected skills of cross country skiing
P. Matošková, V. Süss, P. Pravečková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):255-261
Ski skating is one of the cyclic movements of locomotion. It is operated on the race, but also on the recreational level. Likewise, the skating ranks as preparatory exercise for balance training and transfer of body weight in both general and specialized grounding in ski downhill or cross country skiing. For the descriptive nature of the case study, we chose a skating with one step push-off (V-2 skating) and a basic skating with accompanied arm movement on downhill and cross country skiing. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possibilities of analysis of motor skills by surface electromyography with regard to stability design of individual experiments...
Physical activity, perceived self-efficacy and the quality of life in older adults
J. Mudrák, P. Slepička, S. Elavsky
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):262-267
In this study, we focus on a relationship between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of 254 Czech older adults. We conducted a path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework to test a social cognitive pathway of the PA-QOL relationship. The proposed model hypothesized indirect paths between physical activity and life satisfaction, mediated by self-efficacy and domain-specific QOL. Higher levels of PA were associated with higher self-efficacy (β=.70, p
Verification of construct validity of SVS questionnaire
M. Pěkný, M. Musálek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):268-273
Paper is focused on verification of construct validity of SVS (Schwartz Value Survey) questionnaire that was applied in research of senior's value orientation, Pěkný (2011) using a structure equation modeling (SEM). Original SVS was modified by reason that in former research, using an original model of SVS (Schwartz 1992) demonstrated only average to below-average fit model's values. Results of modified structure analysis show that value dimensions have acceptable value of generic reliability (value of McDonald's ω reached 0,643 up to 0,802) comparing to ESS (2004), except the value dimension of self-transcendence. Using an internal correlation...
Emotional stability and motor docility of students of the department of physical education and sports PF UJEP
R. Peřinová, D. Cihlář
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):274-279
This study is part of the research dealing with the relationship between emotional stability and motor docility. The article builds on previous research on the specifics of physical education students. This study describes the experimental group students PF UJEP in terms of their personality structure and level of motor docility. The group showed the expected characteristics of the structure of personality, but the relationship between the motor docility (Iowa Brace test, expert evaluation scales) and emotional stability (neuroticism) was not confirmed.
Physical education teachers and realization of school education programs at primary schools
J. Pokorná, P. Jansa
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):280-287
The paper deals with problems of physical education (PE) at upper primary schools after the introduction of educational programs (SEP) in practice. The results of the questionnaire survey at 218 primary schools show that the SEP PE joined approximately 60 % of the current PE teachers. Nearly 90 % of these teachers perceived object assembly SEP PE as time consuming, more than half a professionally challenging. Only one third of teachers perceive the development of SEP for their work to be beneficial, slightly more men (40 %) than women (30 %). Only 16 % of teachers (and another 30 % partly) combines the introduction ofthe SEP in schools with the necessary...
Reliability of measuring angles selected segments of the body by two different methods
P. Pravečková, P. Matošková, O. Kounovský, V. Süss
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):288-294
The aim of this paper is to show the reliability of two different methods for measuring angles of selected segments of the body and compare the results of individual measurements. This is a descriptive study of nature. Manual goniometer (Rippsteinův plurimetr) and 2D kinematic analysis (Dartfish program) was used reliability of measurement was studied in two selected joints -knee and wrist (flexion and extension). Statistical methods were used: Single-factor ANOVA (α = 0.05), correlation and coefficient of determination. There have been 40 measurements in each of the selected joint, which then were independently evaluated by 3 people from the...
Sports development in municipalities
I. Slepičková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):295-301
In the Czech Republic, contemporary sport governance is facing a crisis. Undertoday's political and legislative situations, the high independence and freedom of voluntary sector can be seen as main reason of it. Recently, municipalities have entered into this area, because they recognised the importance of sport as a part of life of their inhabitantsi. e. of municipal development in general. Article deals with analysis of situation in one municipality with extended power. This municipality can serve as an example of good local sport policy. Main features of municipal activity and problems they meet when promoting sport are described.
Effects of continuous oxygen inhalation on specific ice-hockey tests
J. Suchý, M. Pupiš, J. Novotný
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):302-309
The article summarizes the results of influence on the effect of continuous inhalation of concentrated oxygen on repeated short-term loads in ice hockey, carried out during breaks between such loads. A double-blind experiment was performed. The probands (n = 10) were tested twice over a period of four days; each testing session involved two specific tests at the ice hockey stadium, carried out during a maximal load lasting about 50 second, ending with a shot on the goal. Before each test and during the break between the tests, the subjects randomly inhaled either concentrated oxygen or placebo through a mask. The concentrated oxygen was supplied by...
Stability of skills in handicapped swimmers
V. Süss, L. Čuříková, P. Matošková, P. Pravečková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):310-314
Swimming, which belongs to the cyclic movements of locomotion, is operated on the race, but also the recreational level. Swimming competition with disabilities is part of the Paralympic Games and a swimming is generally recommended as part of the rehabilitation of the handicapped. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities of evaluation of the stability of individual steps in the ways of swimming freestyle, breast, and backstroke by surface electromyography. There are four case studies of descriptive nature. The basic method of measuring was the electrical activity of muscles by surface electromyography. The four case reports show the possibility...
Comparation team cohesion in successful boys and girls handball teams
P. Šiška, S. Priklerová
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):315-319
The main aim of this study was to compare group cohesion in succesful youth girls and boys handball teams. A further aim was to examine the relationships between perceived team success and group cohesiveness. The research sample consisted of four handball teams (n = 60, vek = 15,4±0,9 years). The Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (YSEQ; Eys, Loughead, Bray & Carron, 2009) was used to assess the group cohesion, amplified with additional variables. Statistical analysis indicated that levels of social and total cohesion in boys teams were significantly (p 0,05).
Analysis quarterback's activity in particular downs in American football
P. Šmíd, V. Miler
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):320-326
The current study is focused on the brief characteristics of American football and the position of quarterback. The authors analyse quarterback's activity during the game in 20 matches in three various competitions in the Czech Republic and in the U.S.A. The obtained data give the possibility to evaluate the quarterback's actions in particular downs and also show specific differences between the Czech and the American leagues. The authors also explain the basic rules of this sport and provide overall preview into the position of quarterback. They present a potential profile of the successful quarterback, his personality features, physical dispositions...
Comparative analysis of 3 variants of starts of the spastic sprinter class T38
P. Šteklová, R. Bačáková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):327-331
Our work deals with an analysis comparing three types of start (mid-low start, low start and low start with a diagonal arm positioning). The main goal was to determine what type of start, performed by sprinter with Cerebral Palsy, was closest to the optimal start position described in the books and what start was the most effective for reaching of the best time for 10 metres distance. The video analysis, description of key start position and time for 10 metres distance were used for the comparison. An analysed group consisted of sprinter with Cerebral Palsy at the level of Czech representation. The sprinter with Cerebral Palsy training process (disabled...
The history of basketball team Uncas Praha during interwar period
T. Tlustý
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):332-337
The presented article discusses the history of one of the best Czechoslovak basketball teams in interwar period. Uncas Praha was one of the Prague YMCA organization teams. In 1937 this team became the best Czechoslovak team. Since 1930 this position was occupied by team called YMCA Praha. The players of Uncas Praha became the Czechoslovak champions twice in the row. Thanks to many international matches and anglo-saxon origin of YMCA organization this team got much experience with this game. This team lost its position of the best Czechoslovak team when WWII was coming. The reason was that YMCA organization started to limit its activity. When this organization...
Physical composition in young adults attending voluntary physical education at University of South Bohemia
R. Vobr, V. Bunc, P. Požárek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):338-342
The aim of the study was to analyze the body composition in students attending the voluntary physical education at the University of South Bohemia. Total of 814 students (614 women, 200 men) participated in the study. The data were collected during the period 2011-2012. The mean values of body composition and body mass index were 14,3 ± 4,3 % (BF), 21,9± 2,8 (BMI) in women and 14,4 3,6 (BF), 23,1 ± 2,2 (BMI) in men. The results indicated that students who participate in sport regularly have an optimal level of body composition. In all observed sport participants the average percentage of body fat meets the norm. The differences...
Perception of the psychosocial context of family by adolescent football players
J. Votík, J. Hynek
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):343-351
The main objective of submitted study was to analyze the results obtained by evaluating the non-standardized self-constructed questionnaire that monitors perception of psychosocial characteristics of the family by adolescent football players. The research sample (n = 61) consisted of 15 to 19 years old Baník Ostrava football players preparing for a career of professional footballers. Gained data were analysed by descriptive statistics. Based on the comparison of gained results with the data of the Czech population by CSO and the Czech football national team. (Votík, 2011) we expect by the families of respondents factually significant tendency towards...
Contribution to history of gymnastic vaulting since the 50's
G. Bago
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):354-362
The aim of this thesis was to map the development of vaulting gymnastic apparatus and gymnastic vaults on this apparatus. Vaulting apparatus itself has not changed much during the last fifty years. One of the changes concerns using better and advanced materials. There has been a change in adjustable height of a vaulting horse. The most significant changes could be watched recently, as the classical vaulting horse is being replaced by a brand new type of vaulting apparatus. New materials and technologies are now used for making springboards. The first considerable step forward was the setting of "REUTHER" type springboard, which highly improved the...
Catharsis from the philosophical and kinanthropological point of view
M. Bednář
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):365-372
The study analyses the concept of catharsis in view of philosophy, hermeneutics and kinanthropology. According to philosophy approach it takes especially less known Plato's texts into account and integrates catharsis into wider framework of kenosis - pleroma model. Connection between catharsis and personality transformation (metanoia) is highlighted. Usability of catharsis construct in kinanthropology is seen particularly in the management of aggression (within both athletes and spectators), not so much as a benefit of outdoor activities. The study underlines diagnostic role of catharsis - yet some vigilance is necessary within therapeutic role in...
Organization, management and activity of German Alpine club in western Bohemia until 1938
P. Chaloupská
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):373-380
The aim of this work is to monitor the activities of the German and Austrian Alpine Association (Deutscher und Österreichischen Alpenverein) in western Bohemia and is part of the research issues related to the operation of German mountaineers in Czechoslovakia since the beginning of World War II. This work was the processing of historical sources from the regional archives in western Bohemia and the German Alpine Club Library and gives a comprehensive view of the activities and organization of Ascher, Egger and Karlsbader section of German and Austrian Alpine Association. These clubs contributed to the the development of tourism and mountaineering...
Sports infrastructure in the Czech Republic after 1989
J. Popelka
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):381-387
In this review, the author focuses on the area of sports infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The problem is studied in the context of transformational changes after 1989, concerning the development of legislation and Czech sport background in the 90 years and after 2000. The main objective of this paper is an analysis of legislative changes that affected the ownership in sports environment and role of the state, municipalities and nonprofit organizations in sport governance. After the fall of the communist regime in 1989, sports facilities passed to nonprofit organizations and municipalities. Absence of state sport policy was evident during the 1990s....
Benefits of physical activities in primary prevention of sarcopenia
M. Šteffl, M. Petr, E. Kohlíková
Studia Kinanthropologica 2012, 13(3):388-392
Currently, there is an increased interest in diseases associated with aging because the percentage of the elderly worldwide is increasingly high. Therefore, research aimed at treatment of diseases associated with aging is becoming more and more important. Sarcopenia characterized as a geriatric syndrome with a multifactorial etiology is one of the most discussed topics related to aging. Although the reasons for the emergence of sarcopenia are varied, several studies have suggested that an active lifestyle with sufficient exercise may be considered an effective therapeutic approach in primary sarcopenia prevention.